A map showing U.S. territorial growth up to 1850

California - as part of the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted to the Union as a free state. New Mexico and Utah - as part of the Compromise of 1850, the territories of New Mexico and Utah were organized without mention of slavery. Texas - after declaring its independence from Mexico in the 1830s, Texas was annexed by the United States in 1845.

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Public Domain

Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection, University of Texas at Austin

de Bry, Johann Theodor. The broiling of their fish over the flame. 1590. Illustration. Public Domain Archive. Accessed February 20, 2026.